Acute bronchitis, often caused by viral infections, leads to inflamed airways, persistent coughing, and mucus production. While most cases resolve within 1–3 weeks, effective management can ease symptoms and prevent complications. Here’s a breakdown of the best science-backed treatments.
1. Rest and Hydration
- Rest: Prioritize sleep to help your immune system fight the infection.
- Hydration: Drink warm fluids (water, herbal tea, broth) to thin mucus and soothe irritated airways.
2. Manage Cough Symptoms
- Honey: A teaspoon of honey (for adults) can relieve cough severity. Avoid giving honey to children under 1 year.
- OTC Cough Suppressants: Use dextromethorphan-based syrups only for dry coughs. Avoid suppressing productive coughs (with mucus).
- Steam Inhalation: Inhale steam from a bowl of hot water or shower to loosen mucus.
3. Address Mucus and Congestion
- Expectorants: Guaifenesin (Mucinex) helps thin mucus, making it easier to expel.
- Saline Nasal Sprays: Relieve postnasal drip contributing to throat irritation.
4. Avoid Irritants
- Smoke and Pollution: These worsen inflammation. Use air purifiers if needed.
- Cold Air: Cover your mouth with a scarf in chilly weather to reduce coughing triggers.
5. When Antibiotics Might Be Needed
Most acute bronchitis cases are viral, but antibiotics are prescribed if:
- Symptoms persist beyond 3 weeks.
- A bacterial infection (e.g., Bordetella pertussis) is confirmed.
- The patient has underlying lung conditions like COPD.
6. Soothing Sore Throats
- Gargle with warm salt water.
- Use throat lozenges containing menthol or honey.
7. Bronchodilators for Wheezing
If wheezing occurs, inhalers like albuterol may be prescribed to open airways.
When to Seek Medical Help
Contact a doctor if you experience:
- High fever (>100.4°F/38°C) lasting more than 3 days.
- Blood in mucus, severe shortness of breath, or chest pain.
- Symptoms worsening after initial improvement.
FAQ
Q: Can I take antibiotics for acute bronchitis?
A: Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections and are only used for confirmed bacterial cases. Overuse contributes to antibiotic resistance.
Q: How long is acute bronchitis contagious?
A: Viral bronchitis spreads for 3–7 days after symptoms begin. Practice hand hygiene and mask-wearing to protect others.
Q: Are natural remedies effective?
A: Honey, ginger tea, and steam help symptom relief but don’t shorten the illness duration.